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"Q" is the first letter of Chinese spelling of "Qufu dian", which means Yield Point.
"235" refers to the minimum yield strength 235 MPa tested with steel bar diameter or plate thickness ≤ 16mm.
A, B, C and D represent quality grades.
Features and Applications
Q235 steel has good plasticity, toughness and weldability, as well as a moderate strength, good cold bending performance. Q235 material is commonly rolled into wire rod or round steel, square steel, flat steel, angle steel, I beam, channel steel, other sections and steel plates. These products are widely used in construction and engineering welded structures, to make steel bars or build factory buildings, high voltage transmission towers, bridges, vehicles, boilers, containers, etc., and also used as a mechanical part with less demanding performance such as less stressed rods, connecting rods, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, and stands, etc.
Q235A, Q235B, Q235C, Q235D Steel Chemical Composition
The table below lists Q235 material chemical composition based on heat analysis.
| Chemical Composition (heat analysis), %, ≤ | |||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Deoxidation Method |
| Q235 | Q235A | 0.22 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.050 | Rimmed / Killed |
| Q235B | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.045 | Rimmed / Killed | |
| Q235C | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.040 | 0.040 | Killed | |
| Q235D | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | Exceptionally Killed | |
Note: Q235B carbon content C can be ≤0.22% by agreement.
Physical Properties
Notes:
10-6·K-1 = 10-6/K
1 Ω·mm²/m = 1 μΩ·m
1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1000 kg/m3
1 GPa = 1 kN/mm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Physical Properties | |
| Density, g/cm3 (lb/in3) | 7.85 (0.284) |
| Melting point, °C (°F) | 1450-1530 (2640-2800) |
| Specific heat capacity, J/(Kg·K) | 470 at 20 °C (68 °F) |
| Electrical resistivity, μΩ·m | about 0.15 (20 °C) |
| Elastic modulus, GPa (ksi) | 200 (29 x 103) |
| Thermal conductivity, (W/m·K) | 53-49 (0-100 °C) |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, (10-6/K) | 11.3-11.6 at 20-100 °C (68-212 °F) |
| Young's modulus, GPa (ksi) | 200 (29 x 103) |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.24-0.28 |
Mechanical Properties
Yield strength and tensile strength are listed in the table below.
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Yield Strength (MPa, ≥); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | Tensile Strength (MPa) | ||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality | d≤16 | 16< d ≤40 | 40< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 | d≤100 |
| Q235 | Q235A | 235 | 225 | 215 | 195 | 185 | 370-500 |
| Q235B | |||||||
| Q235C | |||||||
| Q235D | |||||||
Minimum Elongation
| Elongation (≥ %); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | |||||
| Steel Grade | d≤40 | 40< d ≤60 | 60< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 |
| Q235 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 21 |
Minimum Charpy Impact
| Charpy impact (V notch) | |||
| Steel Grade | Quality | Temperature. °C | Impact energy (longitudinal, ≥ J) |
| Q235 | Q235A | – | – |
| Q235B | +20 | 27 | |
| Q235C | 0 | ||
| Q235D | -20 | ||
Q235 Steel Equivalent Material
Q235 steel equivalent ASTM, European EN (German DIN EN, British BS EN, French NF EN…), Australian AS/NZS, Japanese JIS, and Indian standard are listed in the table below.
| Q235 Steel Equivalent Grades | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese | US | European Union | Britain (UK) | Australian | Japan | Indian | ISO | ||||||||
| Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade |
| GB/T 700 | Q235A | BS 970 Prat 1 | 080A15 | JIS G 3101; JIS G 3106 |
SS400; SM400A | IS 2062 | E250A | ||||||||
| GB/T 700 | Q235B | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M |
A36; Grade D |
EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) |
AS/NZS 3678 | 250 | JIS G3101; JIS G3106 |
SS400; SM400A | IS 2062 | E250B | ||
| GB/T 700 | Q235C | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M; ASTM A573/A573M |
A36; Grade D; Grade 58 |
EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | AS/NZS 3678 | 250L0 | JIS G3106 | SM400A, SM400B |
IS2062 | E250C | ISO 630-2 | S235B |
| GB/T 700 | Q235D | ASTM A36; ASTM A283M |
A36; Grade D |
EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114); S235J2 (1.0117) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114); S235J2 (1.0117) | AS/NZS 3678 | 250L20 | JIS G3106 | SM400A | IS2062 | E250 C | ISO630-2 | S235B, S235C |
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