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Features and Applications
Q235 steel has good plasticity, toughness and weldability, as well as a certain strength, good cold bending performance. Q235 material is usually rolled into wire rod or round steel, square steel, flat steel, angle steel, I beam, channel steel, other sections and steel plates. These products are widely used in construction and engineering welded structures, to make steel bars or build factory buildings, high voltage transmission towers, bridges, vehicles, boilers, containers, etc., and also used as a mechanical part with less demanding performance such as less stressed rods, connecting rods, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, and stands, etc.

Data Sheet and Specification
The following tables show Q235A, Q235B, Q235C and Q235D steel datasheet and specification, including chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, etc.
Q235A, Q235B, Q235C, Q235D Steel Chemical Composition
The table below lists Q235 material chemical composition based on heat analysis.
| Chemical Composition (heat analysis), %, ≤ | |||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Deoxidation Method |
| Q235 | Q235A | 0.22 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.050 | Rimmed / Killed |
| Q235B | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.045 | Rimmed / Killed | |
| Q235C | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.040 | 0.040 | Killed | |
| Q235D | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | Exceptionally Killed | |
Q235 Steel Properties
The following list summarizes Q235 steel properties including physical and mechanical properties.
Physical Properties
Notes:
10-6·K-1 = 10-6/K
1 Ω·mm²/m = 1 μΩ·m
1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1000 kg/m3
1 GPa = 1 kN/mm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Physical Properties | |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.85 |
| Melting point, ℃ | about 1493 |
| Specific heat capacity, J/(Kg·K) | 470 at 20 ℃ |
| Electrical resistivity, μΩ·m | about 0,15 (20 ℃) |
| Elastic modulus, GPa (kN/mm2) | 200 |
| Thermal conductivity, (W/m·K) | 53-49 (0-100 ℃) |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, (10-6/K) | 11.3-11.6 (20 ℃) |
| Young's modulus, GPa (kN/mm2) | 200 |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.24-0.28 |
Mechanical Properties
Yield strength and tensile strength are listed in the table below.
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Yield Strength (MPa, ≥); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | Tensile Strength (MPa) | ||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality | d≤16 | 16< d ≤40 | 40< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 | d≤100 |
| Q235 | Q235A | 235 | 225 | 215 | 195 | 185 | 370-500 |
| Q235B | |||||||
| Q235C | |||||||
| Q235D | |||||||
Minimum Elongation
| Elongation (≥ %); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | |||||
| Steel Grade | d≤40 | 40< d ≤60 | 60< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 |
| Q235 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 21 |
Minimum Charpy Impact
| Charpy impact (V notch) | |||
| Steel Grade | Quality | Temp. ℃ | Impact energy (longitudinal, ≥ J) |
| Q235 | Q235A | – | – |
| Q235B | +20 | 27 | |
| Q235C | 0 | ||
| Q235D | -20 | ||
Bending Test Results of Q235 Material
| Cold Bending Test 180° (B=2a) | |||
| Grade | Sample Orientation | Steel Dia. (d) of Curve Center | |
| d≤ 60mm | 60 | ||
| Q235 | Vertical | a | 2a |
| Horizontal | 1.5a | 2.5a | |
B= Sample Steel Width; a= Sample Diameter or Thickness.
Steel rolled with Q195 and Q235B grade rimmed steel, the thickness or diameter of which is not more than 25mm.
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